Every Week we send you the latest in Emergency Medicine:
Lectures, Literature Reviews, Podcasts, ECGs, Quizzes and More.
Read the full review on resus and follow the algorithm proposed.
_______________________________________
EM MASTERY PODCAST: OXYGEN TARGETS IN ROSC
_______________________________________
The OPTPRESS Trial
The Efficacy of targetting high MAP for older patients with Septic Shock
Should we be targeting a higher MAP in that subset of patients with sepsis who progress to shock? Mortality is high in the elderly and even higher in the very old.
What They Did
This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 29 Japanese centres, randomising patients >65 years old with septic shock.
Patients were randomised to a higher blood pressure group (MAP = 80-85 mmHg) or a control group (65-70 mm Hg). The target MAP was maintained for 72 hours or until pressors were no longer needed.
If a noradrenaline dose of at least 0.1mcg/kg/min was required to maintain the MAP, Vasopressin was commenced and could be increased to 0.04 U/min.
Primary Outcome: All cause mortality at 90 days.
What They Found…..
Outcomes
Targeting a higher MAP of 80–85 mmHg significantly increased mortality compared with targeting a MAP of 65–70 mmHg.
Read the whole study on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
The EVERDAC Trial
Do we need arterial lines in shock?
Is managing shock without early arterial catheterization, noninferior to early catheter insertion with regard to death from any cause at 28 days?
What They Did
This was an open-label, investigator-initiated, pragmatic, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial, conducted in 9 ICUs  in France. n=1010
What They Found
With respect to mortality by day 28, delaying arterial catheterisation and using NIBP was non-inferior to arterial catheterisation. This avoided arterial catheterisation in 85% of patients.
My Take on This
This is an unblinded trial and found that non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was not inferior to invasive blood pressure monitoring in shock. If we look a little more closely we see the following that this study predominantly looked at septic shock………
Will this paper change our practice? Should it? Read my whole take on this on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
JOIN US AT AN EMCORE CONFERENCE
-
- How significant both non-displaced and displaced sternal fractures are
- The significance of a post sternal fracture haematoma
- The use of ECG and Troponin as screening tests
- The use of transoesophageal echocardiography as part of the investigations for making the diagnosis in all patients.
Read the full review on resus and follow the algorithm proposed.
_______________________________________
EM MASTERY PODCAST: OXYGEN TARGETS IN ROSC
_______________________________________
The OPTPRESS Trial
The Efficacy of targetting high MAP for older patients with Septic Shock
Should we be targeting a higher MAP in that subset of patients with sepsis who progress to shock? Mortality is high in the elderly and even higher in the very old.
What They Did
This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 29 Japanese centres, randomising patients >65 years old with septic shock.
Patients were randomised to a higher blood pressure group (MAP = 80-85 mmHg) or a control group (65-70 mm Hg). The target MAP was maintained for 72 hours or until pressors were no longer needed.
If a noradrenaline dose of at least 0.1mcg/kg/min was required to maintain the MAP, Vasopressin was commenced and could be increased to 0.04 U/min.
Primary Outcome: All cause mortality at 90 days.
What They Found…..
Outcomes
Targeting a higher MAP of 80–85 mmHg significantly increased mortality compared with targeting a MAP of 65–70 mmHg.
Read the whole study on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
The EVERDAC Trial
Do we need arterial lines in shock?
Is managing shock without early arterial catheterization, noninferior to early catheter insertion with regard to death from any cause at 28 days?
What They Did
This was an open-label, investigator-initiated, pragmatic, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial, conducted in 9 ICUs  in France. n=1010
What They Found
With respect to mortality by day 28, delaying arterial catheterisation and using NIBP was non-inferior to arterial catheterisation. This avoided arterial catheterisation in 85% of patients.
My Take on This
This is an unblinded trial and found that non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was not inferior to invasive blood pressure monitoring in shock. If we look a little more closely we see the following that this study predominantly looked at septic shock………
Will this paper change our practice? Should it? Read my whole take on this on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
JOIN US AT AN EMCORE CONFERENCE
The main areas of uncertainty involve:
-
- How significant both non-displaced and displaced sternal fractures are
- The significance of a post sternal fracture haematoma
- The use of ECG and Troponin as screening tests
- The use of transoesophageal echocardiography as part of the investigations for making the diagnosis in all patients.
Read the full review on resus and follow the algorithm proposed.
_______________________________________
EM MASTERY PODCAST: OXYGEN TARGETS IN ROSC
_______________________________________
The OPTPRESS Trial
The Efficacy of targetting high MAP for older patients with Septic Shock
Should we be targeting a higher MAP in that subset of patients with sepsis who progress to shock? Mortality is high in the elderly and even higher in the very old.
What They Did
This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 29 Japanese centres, randomising patients >65 years old with septic shock.
Patients were randomised to a higher blood pressure group (MAP = 80-85 mmHg) or a control group (65-70 mm Hg). The target MAP was maintained for 72 hours or until pressors were no longer needed.
If a noradrenaline dose of at least 0.1mcg/kg/min was required to maintain the MAP, Vasopressin was commenced and could be increased to 0.04 U/min.
Primary Outcome: All cause mortality at 90 days.
What They Found…..
Outcomes
Targeting a higher MAP of 80–85 mmHg significantly increased mortality compared with targeting a MAP of 65–70 mmHg.
Read the whole study on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
The EVERDAC Trial
Do we need arterial lines in shock?
Is managing shock without early arterial catheterization, noninferior to early catheter insertion with regard to death from any cause at 28 days?
What They Did
This was an open-label, investigator-initiated, pragmatic, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial, conducted in 9 ICUs  in France. n=1010
What They Found
With respect to mortality by day 28, delaying arterial catheterisation and using NIBP was non-inferior to arterial catheterisation. This avoided arterial catheterisation in 85% of patients.
My Take on This
This is an unblinded trial and found that non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was not inferior to invasive blood pressure monitoring in shock. If we look a little more closely we see the following that this study predominantly looked at septic shock………
Will this paper change our practice? Should it? Read my whole take on this on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
JOIN US AT AN EMCORE CONFERENCE
What does the Evidence say?
âš¡ Clinical Takeaways
Isolated sternal fractures may not predict blunt cardiac injury as reliably as previously thought
Evidence is contradictory: Studies show BCI rates ranging from 0% to 32% in isolated sternal fractures
Recommended approach: ECG and high-sensitivity troponin remain simple, cost-effective screening tools
Displacement doesn’t matter: Retrosternal haematomas and fracture displacement are not associated with increased BCI risk
Below is a section of the writeup on the resus blog.
AN APPROACH TO THE WORKUP OF THESE PATIENTS
The Eastern Society for the Surgery of Trauma (11) in their approach to screening suspected BCI patients, did not consider isolated sternal fractures to predict BCI. They also proposed no further investigations in patients with a normal ECG and Troponin If all else was normal, the recommendation was for no monitoring of these patients.
HOW SHOULD WE APPROACH ISOLATED STERNAL FRACTURES?
This is where it becomes a little harder. There is a move away from working up isolated sternal fractures, however the evidence (some of which is presented below) is not robust. Due to this reason, my approach is to perform an ECG and high sensitivity troponin on patients with suspected BCI due to mechanism and clinical presentation. These are simple and inexpensive tests that can give us a lot of information. They aren’t perfect however and can be associated with false positives and negatives.
When should we investigate the patient with suspected blunt cardiac injury (BCI) and how do we work them up?
The evidence is mostly made up of retrospective studies and case studies.
The main areas of uncertainty involve:
-
- How significant both non-displaced and displaced sternal fractures are
- The significance of a post sternal fracture haematoma
- The use of ECG and Troponin as screening tests
- The use of transoesophageal echocardiography as part of the investigations for making the diagnosis in all patients.
Read the full review on resus and follow the algorithm proposed.
_______________________________________
EM MASTERY PODCAST: OXYGEN TARGETS IN ROSC
_______________________________________
The OPTPRESS Trial
The Efficacy of targetting high MAP for older patients with Septic Shock
Should we be targeting a higher MAP in that subset of patients with sepsis who progress to shock? Mortality is high in the elderly and even higher in the very old.
What They Did
This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 29 Japanese centres, randomising patients >65 years old with septic shock.
Patients were randomised to a higher blood pressure group (MAP = 80-85 mmHg) or a control group (65-70 mm Hg). The target MAP was maintained for 72 hours or until pressors were no longer needed.
If a noradrenaline dose of at least 0.1mcg/kg/min was required to maintain the MAP, Vasopressin was commenced and could be increased to 0.04 U/min.
Primary Outcome: All cause mortality at 90 days.
What They Found…..
Outcomes
Targeting a higher MAP of 80–85 mmHg significantly increased mortality compared with targeting a MAP of 65–70 mmHg.
Read the whole study on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
The EVERDAC Trial
Do we need arterial lines in shock?
Is managing shock without early arterial catheterization, noninferior to early catheter insertion with regard to death from any cause at 28 days?
What They Did
This was an open-label, investigator-initiated, pragmatic, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial, conducted in 9 ICUs  in France. n=1010
What They Found
With respect to mortality by day 28, delaying arterial catheterisation and using NIBP was non-inferior to arterial catheterisation. This avoided arterial catheterisation in 85% of patients.
My Take on This
This is an unblinded trial and found that non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was not inferior to invasive blood pressure monitoring in shock. If we look a little more closely we see the following that this study predominantly looked at septic shock………
Will this paper change our practice? Should it? Read my whole take on this on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
JOIN US AT AN EMCORE CONFERENCE
Last week’s poll on blunt cardiac injury on @drpeterkas revealed that most clinicians associate sternal fractures with cardiac injury risk. But what does the research actually show? The answer may change your clinical approach…
What does the Evidence say?
âš¡ Clinical Takeaways
Isolated sternal fractures may not predict blunt cardiac injury as reliably as previously thought
Evidence is contradictory: Studies show BCI rates ranging from 0% to 32% in isolated sternal fractures
Recommended approach: ECG and high-sensitivity troponin remain simple, cost-effective screening tools
Displacement doesn’t matter: Retrosternal haematomas and fracture displacement are not associated with increased BCI risk
Below is a section of the writeup on the resus blog.
AN APPROACH TO THE WORKUP OF THESE PATIENTS
The Eastern Society for the Surgery of Trauma (11) in their approach to screening suspected BCI patients, did not consider isolated sternal fractures to predict BCI. They also proposed no further investigations in patients with a normal ECG and Troponin If all else was normal, the recommendation was for no monitoring of these patients.
HOW SHOULD WE APPROACH ISOLATED STERNAL FRACTURES?
This is where it becomes a little harder. There is a move away from working up isolated sternal fractures, however the evidence (some of which is presented below) is not robust. Due to this reason, my approach is to perform an ECG and high sensitivity troponin on patients with suspected BCI due to mechanism and clinical presentation. These are simple and inexpensive tests that can give us a lot of information. They aren’t perfect however and can be associated with false positives and negatives.
When should we investigate the patient with suspected blunt cardiac injury (BCI) and how do we work them up?
The evidence is mostly made up of retrospective studies and case studies.
The main areas of uncertainty involve:
-
- How significant both non-displaced and displaced sternal fractures are
- The significance of a post sternal fracture haematoma
- The use of ECG and Troponin as screening tests
- The use of transoesophageal echocardiography as part of the investigations for making the diagnosis in all patients.
Read the full review on resus and follow the algorithm proposed.
_______________________________________
EM MASTERY PODCAST: OXYGEN TARGETS IN ROSC
_______________________________________
The OPTPRESS Trial
The Efficacy of targetting high MAP for older patients with Septic Shock
Should we be targeting a higher MAP in that subset of patients with sepsis who progress to shock? Mortality is high in the elderly and even higher in the very old.
What They Did
This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 29 Japanese centres, randomising patients >65 years old with septic shock.
Patients were randomised to a higher blood pressure group (MAP = 80-85 mmHg) or a control group (65-70 mm Hg). The target MAP was maintained for 72 hours or until pressors were no longer needed.
If a noradrenaline dose of at least 0.1mcg/kg/min was required to maintain the MAP, Vasopressin was commenced and could be increased to 0.04 U/min.
Primary Outcome: All cause mortality at 90 days.
What They Found…..
Outcomes
Targeting a higher MAP of 80–85 mmHg significantly increased mortality compared with targeting a MAP of 65–70 mmHg.
Read the whole study on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
The EVERDAC Trial
Do we need arterial lines in shock?
Is managing shock without early arterial catheterization, noninferior to early catheter insertion with regard to death from any cause at 28 days?
What They Did
This was an open-label, investigator-initiated, pragmatic, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial, conducted in 9 ICUs  in France. n=1010
What They Found
With respect to mortality by day 28, delaying arterial catheterisation and using NIBP was non-inferior to arterial catheterisation. This avoided arterial catheterisation in 85% of patients.
My Take on This
This is an unblinded trial and found that non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was not inferior to invasive blood pressure monitoring in shock. If we look a little more closely we see the following that this study predominantly looked at septic shock………
Will this paper change our practice? Should it? Read my whole take on this on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
JOIN US AT AN EMCORE CONFERENCE
Read the full review on the RESUS Blog
_______________________________________
BLUNT CARDIAC INJURY
Think sternal fractures always mean cardiac injury? The evidence might surprise you.
Last week’s poll on blunt cardiac injury on @drpeterkas revealed that most clinicians associate sternal fractures with cardiac injury risk. But what does the research actually show? The answer may change your clinical approach…
What does the Evidence say?
âš¡ Clinical Takeaways
Isolated sternal fractures may not predict blunt cardiac injury as reliably as previously thought
Evidence is contradictory: Studies show BCI rates ranging from 0% to 32% in isolated sternal fractures
Recommended approach: ECG and high-sensitivity troponin remain simple, cost-effective screening tools
Displacement doesn’t matter: Retrosternal haematomas and fracture displacement are not associated with increased BCI risk
Below is a section of the writeup on the resus blog.
AN APPROACH TO THE WORKUP OF THESE PATIENTS
The Eastern Society for the Surgery of Trauma (11) in their approach to screening suspected BCI patients, did not consider isolated sternal fractures to predict BCI. They also proposed no further investigations in patients with a normal ECG and Troponin If all else was normal, the recommendation was for no monitoring of these patients.
HOW SHOULD WE APPROACH ISOLATED STERNAL FRACTURES?
This is where it becomes a little harder. There is a move away from working up isolated sternal fractures, however the evidence (some of which is presented below) is not robust. Due to this reason, my approach is to perform an ECG and high sensitivity troponin on patients with suspected BCI due to mechanism and clinical presentation. These are simple and inexpensive tests that can give us a lot of information. They aren’t perfect however and can be associated with false positives and negatives.
When should we investigate the patient with suspected blunt cardiac injury (BCI) and how do we work them up?
The evidence is mostly made up of retrospective studies and case studies.
The main areas of uncertainty involve:
-
- How significant both non-displaced and displaced sternal fractures are
- The significance of a post sternal fracture haematoma
- The use of ECG and Troponin as screening tests
- The use of transoesophageal echocardiography as part of the investigations for making the diagnosis in all patients.
Read the full review on resus and follow the algorithm proposed.
_______________________________________
EM MASTERY PODCAST: OXYGEN TARGETS IN ROSC
_______________________________________
The OPTPRESS Trial
The Efficacy of targetting high MAP for older patients with Septic Shock
Should we be targeting a higher MAP in that subset of patients with sepsis who progress to shock? Mortality is high in the elderly and even higher in the very old.
What They Did
This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 29 Japanese centres, randomising patients >65 years old with septic shock.
Patients were randomised to a higher blood pressure group (MAP = 80-85 mmHg) or a control group (65-70 mm Hg). The target MAP was maintained for 72 hours or until pressors were no longer needed.
If a noradrenaline dose of at least 0.1mcg/kg/min was required to maintain the MAP, Vasopressin was commenced and could be increased to 0.04 U/min.
Primary Outcome: All cause mortality at 90 days.
What They Found…..
Outcomes
Targeting a higher MAP of 80–85 mmHg significantly increased mortality compared with targeting a MAP of 65–70 mmHg.
Read the whole study on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
The EVERDAC Trial
Do we need arterial lines in shock?
Is managing shock without early arterial catheterization, noninferior to early catheter insertion with regard to death from any cause at 28 days?
What They Did
This was an open-label, investigator-initiated, pragmatic, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial, conducted in 9 ICUs  in France. n=1010
What They Found
With respect to mortality by day 28, delaying arterial catheterisation and using NIBP was non-inferior to arterial catheterisation. This avoided arterial catheterisation in 85% of patients.
My Take on This
This is an unblinded trial and found that non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was not inferior to invasive blood pressure monitoring in shock. If we look a little more closely we see the following that this study predominantly looked at septic shock………
Will this paper change our practice? Should it? Read my whole take on this on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
JOIN US AT AN EMCORE CONFERENCE
The Verdict/Summary
This study compared the recommended chest compression point (lower sternum) with a left of sternum alternative.
-
- This is a retrospective pilot study at a single centre
- The primary outcome was systolic blood pressure(SBP) and the secondary outcome, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2). It did not look at survival to hospital discharge.
- Interestingly, 66.7% of patients who had their compressions changed to left of sternum achieved ROSC.
- SBP rather than DBP was measured (for convenience), however, even with a higher SBP with left of sternum compressions, there was no ETCO2 difference.
This is a pilot study and I’m not sure that it is meant to be a practice changing study. It does highlight one critical aspect of resuscitation:  the need for patient-tailored approach.
Read the full review on the RESUS Blog
_______________________________________
BLUNT CARDIAC INJURY
Think sternal fractures always mean cardiac injury? The evidence might surprise you.
Last week’s poll on blunt cardiac injury on @drpeterkas revealed that most clinicians associate sternal fractures with cardiac injury risk. But what does the research actually show? The answer may change your clinical approach…
What does the Evidence say?
âš¡ Clinical Takeaways
Isolated sternal fractures may not predict blunt cardiac injury as reliably as previously thought
Evidence is contradictory: Studies show BCI rates ranging from 0% to 32% in isolated sternal fractures
Recommended approach: ECG and high-sensitivity troponin remain simple, cost-effective screening tools
Displacement doesn’t matter: Retrosternal haematomas and fracture displacement are not associated with increased BCI risk
Below is a section of the writeup on the resus blog.
AN APPROACH TO THE WORKUP OF THESE PATIENTS
The Eastern Society for the Surgery of Trauma (11) in their approach to screening suspected BCI patients, did not consider isolated sternal fractures to predict BCI. They also proposed no further investigations in patients with a normal ECG and Troponin If all else was normal, the recommendation was for no monitoring of these patients.
HOW SHOULD WE APPROACH ISOLATED STERNAL FRACTURES?
This is where it becomes a little harder. There is a move away from working up isolated sternal fractures, however the evidence (some of which is presented below) is not robust. Due to this reason, my approach is to perform an ECG and high sensitivity troponin on patients with suspected BCI due to mechanism and clinical presentation. These are simple and inexpensive tests that can give us a lot of information. They aren’t perfect however and can be associated with false positives and negatives.
When should we investigate the patient with suspected blunt cardiac injury (BCI) and how do we work them up?
The evidence is mostly made up of retrospective studies and case studies.
The main areas of uncertainty involve:
-
- How significant both non-displaced and displaced sternal fractures are
- The significance of a post sternal fracture haematoma
- The use of ECG and Troponin as screening tests
- The use of transoesophageal echocardiography as part of the investigations for making the diagnosis in all patients.
Read the full review on resus and follow the algorithm proposed.
_______________________________________
EM MASTERY PODCAST: OXYGEN TARGETS IN ROSC
_______________________________________
The OPTPRESS Trial
The Efficacy of targetting high MAP for older patients with Septic Shock
Should we be targeting a higher MAP in that subset of patients with sepsis who progress to shock? Mortality is high in the elderly and even higher in the very old.
What They Did
This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 29 Japanese centres, randomising patients >65 years old with septic shock.
Patients were randomised to a higher blood pressure group (MAP = 80-85 mmHg) or a control group (65-70 mm Hg). The target MAP was maintained for 72 hours or until pressors were no longer needed.
If a noradrenaline dose of at least 0.1mcg/kg/min was required to maintain the MAP, Vasopressin was commenced and could be increased to 0.04 U/min.
Primary Outcome: All cause mortality at 90 days.
What They Found…..
Outcomes
Targeting a higher MAP of 80–85 mmHg significantly increased mortality compared with targeting a MAP of 65–70 mmHg.
Read the whole study on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
The EVERDAC Trial
Do we need arterial lines in shock?
Is managing shock without early arterial catheterization, noninferior to early catheter insertion with regard to death from any cause at 28 days?
What They Did
This was an open-label, investigator-initiated, pragmatic, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial, conducted in 9 ICUs  in France. n=1010
What They Found
With respect to mortality by day 28, delaying arterial catheterisation and using NIBP was non-inferior to arterial catheterisation. This avoided arterial catheterisation in 85% of patients.
My Take on This
This is an unblinded trial and found that non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was not inferior to invasive blood pressure monitoring in shock. If we look a little more closely we see the following that this study predominantly looked at septic shock………
Will this paper change our practice? Should it? Read my whole take on this on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
JOIN US AT AN EMCORE CONFERENCE
Join our Newsletter for weekly Emergency Medicine Updates
EMCORE Newsletter Example
Â
Are Left of Sternum Chest Compressions More Effective in CPR?
High quality chest compressions during CPR, enhance coronary artery and cerebral perfusion. ILCOR recommends chest compressions be performed on the lower half of the sternum. However the literature shows that compressing in this location only targets the left ventricle in 20% of cases and can result in compression of the left ventricular outflow tract….. Enter this new study
The Study
Rolston D.M et al. Left of Sternum compressions are associated with higher systolic blood pressure than lower half of sternum compressions in cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2024 ( Ahead of Print)
The Verdict/Summary
This study compared the recommended chest compression point (lower sternum) with a left of sternum alternative.
-
- This is a retrospective pilot study at a single centre
- The primary outcome was systolic blood pressure(SBP) and the secondary outcome, end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2). It did not look at survival to hospital discharge.
- Interestingly, 66.7% of patients who had their compressions changed to left of sternum achieved ROSC.
- SBP rather than DBP was measured (for convenience), however, even with a higher SBP with left of sternum compressions, there was no ETCO2 difference.
This is a pilot study and I’m not sure that it is meant to be a practice changing study. It does highlight one critical aspect of resuscitation:  the need for patient-tailored approach.
Read the full review on the RESUS Blog
_______________________________________
BLUNT CARDIAC INJURY
Think sternal fractures always mean cardiac injury? The evidence might surprise you.
Last week’s poll on blunt cardiac injury on @drpeterkas revealed that most clinicians associate sternal fractures with cardiac injury risk. But what does the research actually show? The answer may change your clinical approach…
What does the Evidence say?
âš¡ Clinical Takeaways
Isolated sternal fractures may not predict blunt cardiac injury as reliably as previously thought
Evidence is contradictory: Studies show BCI rates ranging from 0% to 32% in isolated sternal fractures
Recommended approach: ECG and high-sensitivity troponin remain simple, cost-effective screening tools
Displacement doesn’t matter: Retrosternal haematomas and fracture displacement are not associated with increased BCI risk
Below is a section of the writeup on the resus blog.
AN APPROACH TO THE WORKUP OF THESE PATIENTS
The Eastern Society for the Surgery of Trauma (11) in their approach to screening suspected BCI patients, did not consider isolated sternal fractures to predict BCI. They also proposed no further investigations in patients with a normal ECG and Troponin If all else was normal, the recommendation was for no monitoring of these patients.
HOW SHOULD WE APPROACH ISOLATED STERNAL FRACTURES?
This is where it becomes a little harder. There is a move away from working up isolated sternal fractures, however the evidence (some of which is presented below) is not robust. Due to this reason, my approach is to perform an ECG and high sensitivity troponin on patients with suspected BCI due to mechanism and clinical presentation. These are simple and inexpensive tests that can give us a lot of information. They aren’t perfect however and can be associated with false positives and negatives.
When should we investigate the patient with suspected blunt cardiac injury (BCI) and how do we work them up?
The evidence is mostly made up of retrospective studies and case studies.
The main areas of uncertainty involve:
-
- How significant both non-displaced and displaced sternal fractures are
- The significance of a post sternal fracture haematoma
- The use of ECG and Troponin as screening tests
- The use of transoesophageal echocardiography as part of the investigations for making the diagnosis in all patients.
Read the full review on resus and follow the algorithm proposed.
_______________________________________
EM MASTERY PODCAST: OXYGEN TARGETS IN ROSC
_______________________________________
The OPTPRESS Trial
The Efficacy of targetting high MAP for older patients with Septic Shock
Should we be targeting a higher MAP in that subset of patients with sepsis who progress to shock? Mortality is high in the elderly and even higher in the very old.
What They Did
This was a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial at 29 Japanese centres, randomising patients >65 years old with septic shock.
Patients were randomised to a higher blood pressure group (MAP = 80-85 mmHg) or a control group (65-70 mm Hg). The target MAP was maintained for 72 hours or until pressors were no longer needed.
If a noradrenaline dose of at least 0.1mcg/kg/min was required to maintain the MAP, Vasopressin was commenced and could be increased to 0.04 U/min.
Primary Outcome: All cause mortality at 90 days.
What They Found…..
Outcomes
Targeting a higher MAP of 80–85 mmHg significantly increased mortality compared with targeting a MAP of 65–70 mmHg.
Read the whole study on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
The EVERDAC Trial
Do we need arterial lines in shock?
Is managing shock without early arterial catheterization, noninferior to early catheter insertion with regard to death from any cause at 28 days?
What They Did
This was an open-label, investigator-initiated, pragmatic, multicenter, parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized, controlled trial, conducted in 9 ICUs  in France. n=1010
What They Found
With respect to mortality by day 28, delaying arterial catheterisation and using NIBP was non-inferior to arterial catheterisation. This avoided arterial catheterisation in 85% of patients.
My Take on This
This is an unblinded trial and found that non-invasive blood pressure monitoring was not inferior to invasive blood pressure monitoring in shock. If we look a little more closely we see the following that this study predominantly looked at septic shock………
Will this paper change our practice? Should it? Read my whole take on this on the ResusBlog.
_______________________________________
JOIN US AT AN EMCORE CONFERENCE
